Bus Contracting Model

A bird's eye view of the multi-modal system
Over the years, Singapore's public bus has become more reliable, connected and integrated with the larger land transport network. LTA's Bus Contracting Model (BCM) was introduced in September 2016 as part of these efforts to improve bus services. Under this model, the government owns the bus assets, infrastructure (including integrated transport hubs) and systems. LTA is responsible for planning bus services.
Bus_contracting_model

Bus operators receive payment to run bus routes at service standards set by LTA. This is done through competitive tendering. It raises the reliability of bus services and improves waiting times for commuters. The model also motivates operators to invest in hiring, training and upgrading the bus workforce.

The four bus operators in Singapore are SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore, and Go-Ahead Singapore. Together, they manage 14 bus packages. The latter two joined the industry after the introduction of the BCM.

Bus Contracting Benefits

Public bus operators are required to comply with the following Quality of Service Standards to ensure reliability and safety.

  • To ensure reliability, at least 96% of the scheduled mileage for each bus service must be operated every month; and
  • For safety, the number of accidents per 100,000 bus-km must be less than 0.50 per month.

As part of the Bus Service Reliability Framework, the reliability of a bus service is assessed using either the Excess Wait Time or On Time Adherence metric.

BSRF Table

Bus schedules and journey times are planned based on the characteristics of individual bus routes, such as commuters’ travel patterns and traffic conditions along the bus route. In addition, bus captains adjust their travelling speed to maintain regular intervals between buses plying the same service.

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