Ensure your active mobility device meets these requirements before riding them on public paths: 

For Manual Bicycles

1. Maximum weight of 20kg to reduce the risk of serious injuries
2. Maximum width of 70cm to allow devices to cross each other safely
3. At least one functioning handbrake is required to be installed at the handlebar of the bicycle

For Motorised Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) and E-scooters

1. Maximum weight of 20kg to reduce the risk of serious injuries
2. Maximum width of 70cm to allow devices to cross each other safely
3. Maximum motorised device speed of 25km/h to ensure users do not exceed the speed limit
4. Certified to the UL2272 device safety standard (PDF, 272kB) to address fire risks and improve public safety
5. Existing e-scooters registered before April 2020 (which have been declared to be compliant with the device criteria of weight, width, speed and UL2272 certification), would have undergone a verification inspection (PDF, 34kB)
6. From April 2020, new e-scooters to be sold or let hire by retailers/companies are required to pass a Registration Inspection and register with LTA. Before purchasing a new e-scooter, check with the retailer that it has been registered with LTA.
7. Registered e-scooters will be called up for periodic inspection every 2 years to ensure that they remain compliant with LTA’s device criteria for use on public paths. E-scooters that do not pass inspection will be deregistered by LTA. 
8. Registered e-scooters should have a unique registration number and an LTA-issued registration mark displayed on the e-scooter. The registration mark should be affixed intact at the front or at the sides of your e-scooter stem, and must be upright, intact, unobscured, and not void/damaged.
9. Individuals under 16 years old must not ride an e-scooter on cycling paths, unless they are supervised by an adult who is at least 21 years old. Those who intend to supervise an individual below 16 years old to ride an e-scooter must familiarise themselves with the guidelines of a supervisor (PDF, 177kB)
10. From 1 January 2022, e-scooter riders are required to pass the mandatory theory test for e-scooter on Singapore Polytechnic's Professional & Adult Continuing Education Academy (PACE)'s website before they are able to ride on cycling paths. Find out more details on the test formats and e-handbooks (PDF, 21kB)

For Power Assisted Bicycles (PABs)

1. Maximum weight of 20kg to reduce the risk of serious injuries
2. Maximum width of 70cm to allow devices to cross each other safely
3. Type-approved, sealed and registered at an LTA-Authorised Inspection Centre, and that it bears a registration plate on the rear of the PAB. Find out more about the registration process of PAB and the list of type-approved PAB models (PDF, 2.4MB).
4. Comply with European Standard, EN15194 
5. Motor power of the PAB must be progressively reduced and finally cut off as the bicycle reaches 25km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling
6. View the list of technical requirements of PAB
7. PAB riders who are under 16 years old must not ride PABs on cycling paths and roads, even if they are supervised by an adult
8. PAB riders must not carry a passenger on a PAB on cycling paths and roads, if the passenger is under 16 years old
9. From 1 January 2022, PAB riders will have to pass the mandatory theory test for PAB on Singapore Polytechnic's Professional & Adult Continuing Education Academy (PACE)'s website, before they are able to ride on cycling paths and on roads. Find out more details on the test formats and e-handbooks (PDF, 21kB)

For Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) (Mobility Scooters and Motorised Wheelchairs)

1. Maximum motorised device speed of 10km/h
2. A mobility scooter must satisfy the following: 
   (a) Has 3 or more wheels and a footboard;
   (b) Is steered by handlebars or delta tiller;
   (c) Has only one seat (i.e. devices with multiple seats are not considered mobility scooters);
   (d) Is designed to carry only one individual who is unable to walk or has difficulties walking; and
   (e) Is propelled by a motor that forms part of the vehicle.
   

Owners of motorised devices (motorised PMDs, PABs and PMAs) should refrain from using non-original batteries, which may pose fire risks. See the accompanying infographic on safe charging practices for motorised devices (JPG, 302kB).

Rules for Active Mobility device riders

All riders of Active Mobility devices such as bicycles, Power-Assisted Bicycles (PABs), Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs), Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) must adhere to these rules under the Active Mobility Act:

1. No using of mobile communication devices while riding
2. Stop and look out for traffic before riding across the road
3. Dismount and push your device when you see a “No Riding” sign (except PMA users)
4. Switch on your front white and rear red light when riding in the dark
5. Stop, offer help, exchange particulars, and make a police report if you are involved in an accident

Guidelines for AM device riders and pedestrians

Being gracious and looking out for others, yourself and your device keeps everyone safe on paths. All path users should always give way to more vulnerable users, and follow these guidelines.

All AM device (bicycles, PABs, PMDs, PMAs) riders should:

1. Always give way to pedestrians
   
2. Watch your speed and go slow around others
3. Slow down when approaching bus stops and/or intersections of public paths
4. Walk your device in crowded areas
5. Gently alert others before overtaking
6. Keep left on paths unless overtaking
7. Ride on cycling paths and bicycle crossings when available
8. Keep a safe distance from other path users, especially when overtaking to avoid a collision
9. Avoid shining your lights onto the face of other path users
10. Check that your lights, brakes and tyres are in good working condition before setting off
11. Check the height of your handlebars and seat on the bicycle to ensure that you have full control of the device when coming to a sudden stop in an emergency
12. Keep both hands on the handlebars. Signal your intention to change course or make a turn ahead of time
13. Park your devices at designated parking places such as bicycle racks and yellow boxes. Be sure to securely lock your devices (PDF, 388kB) to prevent it from being stolen
14. For shared bicycles: park your shared bicycle only in designated parking zones, which can be located using your bicycle sharing application. Look out for the QR code located near the parking area and scan it to end your trip. You may be banned from using shared bicycles if you fail to end trip at designated parking zones. For more details, read this parking guide (PDF, 255kB)

Pedestrians should:

1. Keep left unless overtaking
2. Keep to footpaths and pedestrian crossings
3. Stay alert when on public paths. Refrain from using mobile communication devices (including listening to music) in a manner that will  prevent you from detecting danger or oncoming obstacles

Read the full code of conduct for public path users (PDF, 93kB) under the Active Mobility Act.

On-road Rules for cyclists and PAB riders 

Road safety is a shared responsibility. All cyclists and power-assisted bicycle (PAB) riders must adhere to the following rules when riding on roads. Specifically, cyclists and PAB riders must: 

1. Obey all traffic signals and travel in the same direction as the flow of traffic
2. Wear a helmet when cycling on roads
3. Always ride as close as practicable to the far left edge of roads, and allow traffic to overtake you safely
4. Cycle in a single file on single-lane roads and during bus lane operational hours¹
5. Switch on front white and rear red light² in the dark
6. Always use bicycle lanes when available³, and do not use any other part of the roadway
7. [From 1 Jan 2022] Keep to a maximum length of 5 bicycles when riding in groups, which means a maximum of 5 cyclists if riding in single file, or 10 cyclists if riding two abreast⁴
8. Not use mobile communication devices while riding 
9. Not cycle on expressways, road tunnels and selected viaducts (PDF, 62kB)

¹Otherwise, cycling two abreast is allowed.

²Rear red reflectors can be used on bicycles and power-assisted bicycles (PABs). 

³Currently only at Tanah Merah Coast Road.

⁴Any prevailing COVID-19 safe management measures, if stricter, take priority.

 On-road Guidelines for cyclists and PAB riders

Cyclists and PAB riders are encouraged to adopt the following practices to safeguard themselves and share the roads safely with motorists.

1. Keep a straight course, do not weave through traffic and avoid sudden swerves
2. Keep a safe distance behind moving vehicles. Do not hold on to the back or side of motor vehicles and maintain awareness of traffic when riding
   
3. Do not squeeze between the kerb and a bus that has stopped at a bus stop, or a turning vehicle and a kerb
   
4. Slow down and look out for other road users when approaching bends, junctions, bus stops and pedestrian crossings or when passing a parked car
   
5. If the hill is too steep, get off and walk with the bicycle. Keep your cycling speed under control when riding on downhill roads
   
6. Wear bright-coloured clothing to increase your visibility to other vehicles and pedestrians
   
7. Plan ahead and pick the safest route, and keep out of heavy traffic as much as possible
   
8. Do not carry anything in your arms that may interfere with the proper control of your bicycle
   
9. Check the height of your handlebars and seat on the bicycle to ensure that you have full control of the device
   
10. Keep both hands on the handlebars. When signalling your intention to change course or make a turn, do so ahead of time and return your hand to the handlebars before you turn
    
11. [From 1 Jan 2022]  When cycling in groups, maintain a minimum distance of 30 metres or 2 lamp posts between groups. Overtake other groups only when it is safe to do so

Refer to this poster (PDF, 1.8MB) for tips on safe passing and overtaking on roads. You may also refer to this checklist (PDF, 2.0MB) for a safer cycling experience on roads and paths.

Read the full code of conduct for cycling on roads in the Highway Code and Traffic Police's website.

Third-party liability insurance products for non-commercial riders

LTA strongly encourages non-commercial riders to purchase active mobility insurance to protect yourself from personal accident expenses and third-party injury claims. The following are some products¹ (PDF, 459kB) available on the market: 

• AA Personal Mobility Plus (AAS Insurance Agency Pte Ltd, underwritten by Liberty Insurance Pte Ltd)
• ePROTECT personal mobility (EtiQa)
• Personal Mobility Guard (NTUC Income) 

¹This list is not meant to be exhaustive nor imply endorsement or recommendation of any of these products or companies. You should make your own assesment on the product that best meet your needs. 

Mandatory third-party liability insurance requirements for businesses

Read the mandatory requirements for active mobility insurance for businesses and commercial riders for more information.  

The Active Mobility Advisory Panel (PDF, 443kB) commissioned in July 2015, is led by Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Transport Mr Baey Yam Keng, and comprises representatives from key stakeholder groups including seniors, youths, cyclists, users of PMAs, motorists and grassroots leaders. 

The Panel conducts regular reviews of active mobility regulations to enhance road and path safety. You can view AMAP’s past reports below: 

• 2016: The Panel recommended a set of rules and code of conduct for cycling and use of PMDs (PDF, 2.1MB) which were accepted in full by the Government and incorporated into the Active Mobility Act.
  
• 2018: The Government accepted the Panel’s recommendations (PDF, 2.4MB) on 4 September 2018 and have implemented them on 1 February 2019.
• 2019: The Government accepted the Panel’s recommendations (PDF, 1.23MB) with an expanded scope on 4 December 2019.
• 2020: AMAP submitted its recommendations (PDF, 808kB) to the Government on 30 December 2020.
• 2021: AMAP submitted its recommendations for the review of on-road safety (PDF, 646kB) to the Government on 1 October 2021.

From 1 July 2020, only UL2272 motorised PMDs are allowed on cycling paths. Non-UL2272 e-scooters that were registered with LTA have been automatically de-registered^[1] (as announced earlier on 7 October 2019). Non-UL2272 motorised PMDs are a fire risk, and should be properly and safely disposed of. If a non-UL2272 motorised PMD causes a fire that results in property damage or death, criminal investigations may be conducted.

LTA will continue to work with HDB, Town Councils, and SCDF to remind the public to dispose of their non-UL2272 motorised PMDs. LTA will continue to study further measures to manage the population of non-compliant active mobility devices in Singapore.

Owners of non-UL2272 motorised PMDs must ensure that the device is disposed of in a safe and responsible manner. Owners may safely dispose of their devices at any of the e-waste recyclers specified in the table below. Please note that a fee may be imposed by the recyclers.  
 

It is an offence to ride a non-UL2272 motorised PMD on public paths. Offenders may face a fine of up to $10,000 and/or up to 6 months’ jail term for riding a non-compliant PMD for the first offence. For riding an unregistered e-scooter, the rider will be guilty of an additional offence and if convicted, face a fine of up to $1,000 and/or up to 3 months’ jail term for the first offence.

^[1] Eligible e-scooter owners who have disposed their e-scooters at the LTA-designated disposal points before 31 December 2020 and meet all terms and conditions for the incentive would have received the early disposal incentive before 28 February 2021.

Fire Safety Tips

Read fire safety tips (JPG, 2.5MB) to protect yourself, your loved ones and neighbours. Owners of motorised devices (motorised PMDs, PABs and PMAs) should refrain from using non-original batteries, which may pose fire risks.

The devices listed in this notification (PDF, 89kB) have been impounded by the Land Transport Authority. 

For enquiries/requests:

• Contact us through our online portal at www.lta.gov.sg/feedback
• Email to feedback@lta.gov.sg

If we do not receive any request within 14 days after publishing the notification, in accordance with the law, we will prepare for the disposal of these devices.

We will then proceed to dispose of the devices in this Gazette (PDF, 585kB) 1 month after its publication.